Ecosystems have been altered, first with the use of fire, and later with the advent of agriculture, large areas have been transformed into agricultural, livestock and urban areas. Others have been flooded by the construction of dams. Few ecosystems in the world have remained unaltered by the influence of human beings.

The exponential growth of the human population in the last 100 years, the expansion of cities and the development of road networks have transformed the landscape on a scale never before experienced on Earth. In fact, human activities are currently responsible for changes on a global scale such as loss of biodiversity and climate change.

Sustainability
Sustainability is "meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs".
This definition of sustainability as applied to human development, was published in the 1987 report "Our Common Future" from the United Nations Committee on Environment and Development, also known as the Brundtland Commission, after its coordinator Gro Harlem Brundtland, Environment Minister (1974-1979) and Prime Minister of Norway (1981, 1986-1989,1990-1996).

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