The copals that today provide incense for rituals and ceremonies are biological resources of the people of Mexico. It is necessary to exploit these trees sustainably in order to ensure the future of the cultural heritage they represent.

The use and care of the copal varies according to cultural context, the knowledge we have of each species and the techniques involved in its use. The appropriate management of copal, and natural resources in general, stems from the traditional knowledge that the groups of people who use these have inherited. It presents a balance between the different aspects involved in the use of resources and contributes to the maintenance of customs, techniques, biological resources and habitats. However, there is a history of unplanned use of some copals which has reduced their presence in large regions, as illustrated by the cases of lináloe (B. linanoe) wood in Guerrero and copalillo (B. glabrifolia) in Oaxaca.

Plant populations are negatively impacted when complete individuals are harvested or when they are consistently extracted faster than they can recover. When this happens, plant growth is reduced along with production of flowers, fruits and seeds. They may also suffer an increased susceptibility to attack by diseases. In these cases, it is considered that there is overexploitation of resources. In contrast, when resources are taken in moderation and individuals allowed to replenish, their future use can be ensured.